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Differences between vowels and consonants:

Vowels are voiced, but consonants are voiced and voiceless.

Vowels are oral, but consonants are oral and nasal.

Vowels need a regular flow, but consonants need an obstruction.

Vowels are divided into short and long, but consonants have the same length.

More than one vowel can make one long vowel, but consonants do not.

The difference between voiced and voiceless sounds:

In voiced sounds, the vocal cards are closed so the air stream passes difficulty. Therefore, the vocal cords vibrate.

In voiceless sounds, the vocal cords are apart. There is a gap between the vocal cords, so the air stream passes easily. As a result, the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Which is stronger voiced or voiceless sound?

Voiceless sounds are stronger because in voiced sounds the air stream struggles to pass so it loses some of its energy/power. Yet, in voiceless sounds, the air steam passes easily. It does not need any effort to pass through the vocal cords.